Mexican Armed Forces - Shortly after taking office, Andrés Manuel López Obrador created a new military force, the National Guard, and handed control to the military.
For the past decade, Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador has opposed military intervention in the so-called war on drugs.
Mexican Armed Forces
When then-President Felipe Calderón deployed the troops at full strength in 2006, López Obrador, known as Amro, asked the soldiers to return to their barracks. When Calderon's successor, Enrique Peña Nieto, tried to legislate the military presence, Amro condemned the move, saying things would change when he became president.
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In 2017, López Obrador said: "We will not use force to solve social problems."
Shortly after taking office in December 2018, he created a new unit, the National Guard, to take over public security across the country. He then successfully pressured his own party and its allies into handing over control of the National Guard to the Mexican military.
Mexico's Senate passed the bill earlier this month, despite López Obrador's promise that the fledgling military would remain under civilian control.
The National Guard was a public security force that replaced the disbanded federal police force. Now, analysts say, bringing the military under military control is the latest step in the militarization of Mexico's police force.
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The move has drawn protests from human rights groups, who insist the government should reform state and local police forces instead of handing over security to the military.
Catalina Perez Correa, a security expert, said: "Nowhere in the world have soldiers been deployed that have fully armed and pacified the country."
Experts say that military expansion often leads to increased human rights violations. And the Mexican military has a long history of genocide in the country.
In 1968, soldiers and police killed an estimated 300 students. In 2014, the military executed 22 people in Guerrero state. The military was also involved in one of the most infamous crimes in recent years: the disappearance of 43 student teachers who were dragged from a bus convoy by corrupt police and cartel gunmen.
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Earlier this month, a government fact-finding commission found a retired army general and two other soldiers after it was revealed that the six missing students had been alive for days before being executed on the orders of a general who was commanding a local military unit at the time. , Arrested. .
In the state of Tamaulipas, soldiers are being investigated for the unlawful killing of six people. And the military is under investigation for the murder of a state attorney in Sonora.
And the new army, with more than 113,000 men, has had limited success fighting crime compared to civilian law enforcement, according to security analyst Alejandro Hope.
The National Guard is replacing police forces across the country, but its statistics show that it makes fewer arrests and investigations than other police forces. According to government statistics, the National Guard made more than 8,000 arrests in 2021, while the federal police made 21,702 arrests in 2018 with 38,000 agents.
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"This is an organization that just patrols and doesn't investigate," Hope said of the fledgling unit. There is almost no research work.
Critics of the plan say the military deployment has done nothing to reduce violence and may have contributed to Mexico's skyrocketing casualties.
Mexico's "war on drugs" began in late 2006, when then-President Felipe Calderon ordered thousands of soldiers to take to the streets in response to horrific violence in his native Michoacan.
Calderón hoped to crack down on the drug cartels with a heavy-handed offensive, but this approach backfired and resulted in devastating human casualties. As Mexican forces began to invade, the death toll peaked, with tens of thousands of people driven from their homes, disappeared, or killed.
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At the same time, Calderon began pursuing the so-called "main strategy," in which authorities would target cartel leaders and try to decapitate them.
The policy has produced celebrities such as Arturo Beltran Leyva, who was shot dead by Mexican marines in 2009, but has done little to bring peace. In fact, many believe that such tactics have only served to fracture the world of organized crime as new and less predictable factions compete for a piece of the pie.
Under Calderon's successor, Enrique Peña Nieto, the government's investigation into the crime eased as Mexico sought to shed its reputation as the home of the world's deadliest mafia group.
But most of Calderon's policies have survived by targeting prominent cartel leaders such as Sinaloa's Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán.
Mexico City, Mexico. 16th Sep, 2017. Female Members Of The Mexican Armed Forces Take Part In The Military Parade Held To Commemorate Mexico's Independence Day At The Zocalo Square In Mexico City,
When El Chapo was captured in early 2016, Mexico's president boasted that it was "mission accomplished." But the violence continued. By the time Peña Nieto left office in 2018, Mexico had another record high of nearly 36,000 deaths.
Leftist populist Andrés Manuel López Obrador came to power in December, promising a dramatic change in tactics. López Obrador, or Amelo as most call him, has vowed to attack the social roots of crime and provide vocational training to more than 2.3 million disadvantaged youth at risk of falling into the cartel's trap.
“Without justice and [social] well-being, peace would be practically impossible.
Amello also promised to hold a daily security meeting at 6 a.m. and create a 60,000-strong "National Guard." However, these measures have not yet paid off and the new security forces are mainly used to hunt down Central American migrants.
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Mexico currently averages about 96 murders per day, and has killed nearly 29,000 since Amelo took office.
The number of soldiers on the streets has more than doubled in the last 15 years. According to public records requests cited by the Mexican news outlet Animal Politico, murders rose 240 percent over the same period.
Amello follows other Latin American countries that have expanded the capabilities of their armed forces in taking greater control of their armed forces. In Brazil, President Jair Bolsonaro has ordered the military to do everything from monitoring voting processes to managing schools and fighting deforestation in the Amazon. In El Salvador, Vice President Naib Boquele brought troops to Congress to demand increased security funding.
In Mexico, Amello has ordered the military to do everything from building an airport to providing supplies to respond to the Covid pandemic to building a controversial new train network that spans several southern states. Critics of the president say the role has little to do with law enforcement. The country has regularly engaged in violence against its own people.
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Last December, the Mexican government passed a new law allowing the military to act domestically against "threats to internal security," bolstering the country's crime-fighting role and expanding its surveillance powers. The law also authorizes the Mexican president to deploy the military for immediate action against these threats.
While the law, officially called the Homeland Security Act, was being debated, Claudia Medina Tamariz spoke out about how the country's military is treating the citizens it is supposedly fighting to protect.
In 2012, he was arrested and brutally tortured by Mexican marines on false accusations of cartel ties. Marines strapped him to a chair, held a cloth over his mouth, and electrocuted him with two cables attached to his big toe. Buckets of water were thrown over him, hot sauce was forced into his nostrils, he was wrapped in rubber bands, kicked and beaten. She was also blindfolded and sexually assaulted. The soldiers tortured him and threatened to do the same to his children.
"I was so scared when I got home," she told The Intercept. I couldn't sleep at night wondering what [the Marines] were going to do to me. "My children are sleeping on the bed and I am by the window so that no one can come in."
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He has been fighting for years to clear his name and get justice. Speaking about his torture, Medina said he was horrified by the idea of the Mexican government giving the military more power.
"It's unfortunate that the senators, the House of Representatives and everyone in Mexico sees this and continues to hand over Mexico to the sick," Medina said.
The US government is well aware of these abuses. However, the Trump administration has remained silent on the Homeland Security Act and is pursuing programs to support Mexican security forces. Despite President Donald Trump's anti-Mexican rhetoric and public animosity toward the Mexican president,
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