Russian Military Female - In the Russian Revolution, the all-female Death Battalion led by Maria Bochkareva 588, nicknamed "Night Witches" by the Nazis who fought in World War II. Still, the number of women serving in the military is relatively low in Russia today, despite an expanded force structure approaching one million active-duty personnel. Why is this true? In this article, I argue that traditional gender roles that emphasize reproduction and high-level doubts about female sufficiency are key factors limiting the role of women in the Russian Armed Forces. Apart from the shortage of military-age men, Moscow's cost-benefit analysis is unlikely to change, and increased female representation in the Russian military - proportionally or in scope - is unlikely in the near term.
Although women have long served as volunteers in the Russian (and ex-Soviet) military, women were officially allowed to enlist on a contract basis by presidential decree in November 1992. In May 2020, Defense Minister Shoygu said that about 41,000 women have joined the Russian Armed Forces, which according to official figures is about 4.26 percent of the total active duty forces. While this is a slight decrease compared to the totals in 2018 (44,500), the total for Russia over the past 10 years has been fairly consistent, around 35,000 to 45,000. Compared to the 10 percent share in the 2000s, this rate has fallen by more than half. The current rate is well behind most Western countries; For reference, women make up 16.5 percent of the armed forces in the United States. China's rate is believed to be around 9 percent.
Russian Military Female
While conscription in the Russian army is compulsory for men aged 18 to 27, it does not apply to women, as, for example, in Norway or Israel – although Duma members have used the idea in the past. Women wishing to join the Russian Armed Forces must undergo a modified physical examination and take a pregnancy test before being accepted. Foreign men encouraged by a path to Russian citizenship are allowed to join the Russian army, while foreign women are not.
The Old Woman Is Disabled Along The System Of The Russian Military Editorial Stock Photo
After enlistment, women serve in units alongside men, rather than in gender-segregated units. Separate sheds and toilets are reserved for women, the cost of which is an often cited reason for limiting the proportion of women serving. Women serve in the Army, Aerospace Forces, Navy (though only on some ships), and Rocket Forces. But not all roles are open to women; While more and more countries allow women to take on combat roles, Russian women are not allowed to enter frontline combat roles and are therefore typically restricted from serving in aircraft, submarines or tanks. Although the entire list has been distributed, women are also barred from being mechanics and performing guardianship duties. Primarily, enlisted women serve in communications, medicine, psychology, or as clerks, musicians, or facility personnel. Shoygu noted that of the 41,000 women who served, about 4,000 were officers, including 44 colonels. If there were women who held a higher position than the colonel, they were not mentioned. As Roger McDermott notes, "[T]he previous Secretary of Defense, Anatoly Serdyukov, recommended that the first woman be promoted to the rank of Major General in June 2012, but was dismissed within a few months for alleged incompetence." Shoygu noted that more women are serving in civilian posts, and Tatiana Shevtsova holds a high position as one of the current Deputy Ministers of Defense.
Still, joining the military provides a stable source of income, medical care, housing, and then offers privileges for those seeking higher education or government employment. It also provides an opportunity to serve your country. Why are there no more women in the Russian armed forces in a country that is not devoid of patriotism?
Some of this low rate can be attributed to Russia's more traditional views on gender roles, including the societal emphasis on reproduction. Outside of the military, too, an order from Vladimir Putin currently bans women from working in more than 450 occupations across various industries - fears that too vigorous activity could hinder your ability to bear children. While the Department of Labor is said to be working to reduce that number to 100 by 2021, limited jobs will still include jobs involving mining, construction, metalworking, firefighting or heavy lifting, plumbing, hazardous chemical handling, welding or aircraft repair. . .
The analyzes show that although some progress has been made in the public debate on gender equality in recent years, Russian attitudes towards gender roles have actually "retreated" in favor of traditionalism. A 2020 survey by the state-run VTsIOM sheds considerable light on views on gender roles and conscription among Russians. Sixty-three percent of the respondents said they would not want a girl to join the military, while 62 percent said they would.
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I want to see my son serve. Interestingly, those who wanted their daughters to enlist had a different rationale for why it would be a good choice (13 percent - to provide discipline; 11 percent - to provide stability), those who wanted to serve (25) percent - because it was a male job; 15 percent - as it is devoted to the defense of the homeland and family). The main reason respondents did not think that a girl should enlist in the military was "military is for men, not women's work" (42 percent), while the main reason respondents did not want a boy to enlist in the military was fear for his life. (17 percent). According to a 2010 study, a large proportion of conscripted women serve due to financial necessity (67 percent), while only a small proportion (6 percent) are professionally oriented.
When women, often described as "the weaker sex," serve in the Russian military, they do not escape traditional gender stereotypes. For example, it is not unusual for the Russian defense ministry to organize beauty pageants or cooking contests among conscripted women.
Fears of gender-based violence may also play a role, as reports of rape and sexual assault, even against men, are common in the Russian military. It is an extreme practice of violence, bullying, and hunting known as
It is considered a serious matter in the Russian army. In 2006, the Russian military reported 292 deaths.
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Only. In fact, trying to combat drowning was a key factor in the decision to reduce conscription from two to one year. Statistics show that post-2008 military reforms have failed to eradicate this practice, with hundreds, sometimes thousands, of incidents reported in any given year. According to the 2017 VTsIOM survey,
It remains the main factor behind individuals' reluctance to enter the Russian military (51 percent) before fear of being sent to a hotspot (40 percent).
But the problem may not be as simple as "Russian women do not want to serve in the military". In fact, Shoygu noted that competition for military universities is higher for women than for men, with 27 women applying for each seat. In many cases, women are turned down from conscription because they seek limited roles. According to a TASS article in July 2020, a woman named Yana Surgaeva was rejected by enlistment officers and published a rejection letter stating that "women are not allowed to be approved for military service as drivers, mechanics, snipers or gunners." Surgaeva sued the Ministry of Defense and the National Guard, appealing to the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court, both of which refused to hear the case.
Women's fitness for military service is routinely questioned in public discourse. Russian academics and officials argue that perceived psychological and physiological differences, such as lower bone density and greater emotionality, make women less suitable for certain roles. For example, according to military psychologist Yevgeny Zhovnerchuk, women are better suited to the roles of communication center operator or nurse because “women are more detailed and attentive than men; they cope better with monotonous, simple, mechanical tasks.” Former chairman of the State Duma defense committee and former commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Vladimir Komoedov, can summarize the general feeling about women's service: “A woman can be trusted very much: they can be a radio operator, a paratrooper, a translator. . . Of course, you don't have to put a woman in a tank or a fighter jet, but there are a few places where it's all too easy for a man to serve but a woman would be fine."
Female Russian Military Police Uniform Isolated Foto De Stock 751025890
In the few cases where women served as pilots or in other limited roles, they had to petition the government for special permission or even send handwritten notes to Shoygu. At the same time, these women appear to be disproportionately highlighted in Russian media, reinforcing the perception that female representation is powerful and limitless.
Many women in Russia, such as Tatiana Moskalkova, the Russian High Commissioner for Human Rights, Lyudmila Aivar, President of the Russian Women's Rights, and Anna Fedorova, Vice-President of the New Open Democracy Institute,
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